Spraying exogenous synthetic cytokinin 6‐benzyladenine following the waterlogging improves grain growth of waterlogged maize in the field

6‐Benzyladenine (6‐BA, a synthetic cytokinin) could improve the ability to resist adversity. However, very little attention has been given to its role in alleviating waterlogging damages on grain growth. A field experiment was performed to investigate effects of exogenous 6‐BA after waterlogging for 6 days at the third leaf stage (V3‐WL + 6‐BA) or the sixth leaf stage (V6‐WL + 6‐BA) on grain filling, and endogenous hormone of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958), which were planted popularly in China. Exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain filling by improving grain weight and volume, which was beneficial to yield increase. Grain yield of DH605 under V3‐WL + 6‐BA and V6‐WL + 6‐BA increased by 16% and 12%, respectively, compared with that of V3‐WL (waterlogging at the third leaf stage) and V6‐WL (waterlogging at the sixth leaf stage), while the corresponding values for ZD958 increased by 20% and 15%, respectively. Moreover, exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain endogenous hormone content by increasing levels of endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid, zeatin riboside, and gibberellic acid, and decreasing level of abscisic acid in grain of waterlogged summer maize during grain‐filling periods. Clearly, exogenous 6‐BA improved grain‐filling characteristics, and endogenous hormone, resulting in a significant yield increase of waterlogged summer maize.     

Hormetic UV-C seed treatments for the control of tomato diseases

Hormesis is a dose response phenomenon in which low, non-damaging doses of a stressor bring about a positive response in the organism undergoing treatment. Evidence is provided here that hormetic UV-C treatments of tomato seed can control disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Treating seeds with a 4 kJ m⁻² dose of UV-C significantly reduced both the disease incidence and progression of B. cinerea, with approximately 10% reductions in both on cv. Shirley. Disease severity assays for FOL and FORL on cv. Moneymaker showed dose-dependent responses: UV-C treatments of 4 and 6 kJ m⁻² significantly reduced the disease severity scores of FOL, whilst only the 6 kJ m⁻² showed significant reductions for FORL. To determine the effects of treatment on germination and seedling growth, UV-C doses of 4, 8 and 12 kJ m⁻² were performed on cv. Shirley. No negative impacts on germination or seedling growth were observed for any of the treatments. However, the 8 kJ m⁻² treatment showed significant biostimulation, with increases in seedling, root and hypocotyl dry weight of 11.4%, 23.1% and 12.0%, respectively, when compared to the control. Furthermore, significant increases in the root-mass fraction (10.6%) and root:shoot ratio (13.1%) along with a decrease in shoot-mass fraction (2.0%) indicates that the 8 kJ m⁻² treatment stimulated root growth to the greatest extent. There was no effect on hypocotyl and primary root length or the number of lateral roots, indicating no adverse effects to basic root architecture or seedling growth.     

不同外源激素对糜子成穗及产量的影响

研究不同种类外源激素对糜子成穗及产量的影响。用5种外源激素在糜子3~4叶期喷施,连续处理2次,喷清水为对照。记录糜子苗期基本苗数、拔节期总茎数、成熟期穗数等性状,用统计软件SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果表明,施用脱落酸（ABA）能够显著降低糜子的分蘖数,施用赤霉素（GA₃）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、矮壮素（CCC）也能减少糜子分蘖数,但是与对照差异不显著,施用多效唑（PP₃₃₃）对糜子分蘖数没有明显影响;施用GA₃、IAA、CCC能够增加分蘖穗数,而ABA、PP₃₃₃降低分蘖穗数;各处理分蘖成穗率都较对照高,ABA处理分蘖成穗率为最高达到25.20%;ABA处理主茎穗占比较对照增加,分蘖穗占比降低;GA₃、IAA、CCC处理主茎穗占比相对于对照降低,分蘖穗占比增加,PP₃₃₃处理与对照相近;5种外源激素对糜子产量的影响差异显著,施用ABA产量最高,可能与主茎穗占比高和分蘖成穗率高有关系。在糜子3~4叶期喷施5种外源激素,对糜子有显著作用的是ABA,主要表现在ABA能够降低糜子分蘖数,保证了主茎的成穗数量,增加了分蘖成穗率,从而提高了糜子产量。     

Research Progress on Mechanisms of Lighting Affecting the Reproduction of Male Poultry Breeders

Lighting is one of the most crucial environment factors for the organisms. The superior photonasty of poultry enable them to sensitize the lighting and translate the photon to biological signals that regulate the growth,reproduction and behaviors. In the modern poultry industry, providing the optimized lighting environment has been an important management strategy for the enhancement of the animal performance. In the recent years, with the development of poultry artificial insemination technology,semen process,package and conservation, housing the male breeders separately from the females is getting popular. Therefore,the finer lighting environment for the males is valuable for their reproduction performance. The recent progresses on poultry photoreceptor,hormones involved in the light-sex signal transduction, and the effect of lighting regimen, light intensity,and spectrum on the reproduction of male poultry breeders were summarized in this review,aiming at providing the basis for the future study and industry application.     

Establishment and Optimization of INH Epitope Peptide Vaccine for Detection of Antibody

In this study, an indirect ELISA method was established to detect inhibin hormone (INH) epitope peptide vaccine antibody, it would provide oretical reference for the determination of Fine-wool sheep after active immune body INH epitope peptide vaccine antibody. On the basis of the predecessors, using indirect ELISA method to determinate serum INH epitope peptide antibody levels of sheep, and through control different experimental conditions to look for the best experimental conditions. Through explorating the experimental conditions, finally, the testing experiment conditions were determined, which was blocked solution with skimmed milk powder, INH and GnIH synthetic peptides dilution degrees for 20 000 times, the optimum reaction time was 60 min, the best color action time was 15 min. In this experiment, a kind of method to detection antibody in the body after INH active immune sheep was built, it would provide a reference for future research.     

激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳脂肪合成的调控作用

乳脂肪是高质量的天然脂肪，其可为人类提供营养和能量，在各种膳食脂肪和油类中，是最容易被消化吸收的。乳脂肪是在乳腺中由从头合成或外源摄取的脂肪酸与甘油酯化形成的一种脂类物质，其含量的高低关系着牛奶品质的优劣和乳制品的加工特性。在奶牛的泌乳周期中，乳腺泌乳功能受多种因素影响，其中内分泌腺分泌的多种激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（BMECs）乳脂的合成具有积极的调控作用。综上所述，作者介绍了氢化可的松、催乳素、胰岛素和生长激素4种泌乳相关激素对BMECs乳脂肪合成的调控机理，即从乳脂合成适宜的激素添加量、激素对乳脂球形态的影响方面初步阐释其调控作用，并从乳脂合成的关键酶及转录因子、激素对乳脂合成相关基因表达量方面深入阐释其作用机理，旨在为研究泌乳相关激素对奶牛乳腺内乳脂肪合成的调控机理提供参考。     

不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶色变化的影响

本研究以半年生翠云草盆栽为试验材料,研究不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶色变化的影响。试验设置全光照R0(透光率100%NS)、一层遮荫R1(38%NS)、二层遮荫R2(20%NS)、三层遮荫R3(16%NS)和四层遮荫R4(10%NS)共5个处理。处理3个月后,比较叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a/b、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷、苯丙氨酸解氨酶及可溶性糖含量变化。结果显示,叶绿素含量在3层遮荫处理下最高,叶片表现出特殊的蓝绿色;全光照下,叶绿素含量和花色素苷含量均最低,而类胡萝卜素含量最高,说明叶片受到强光胁迫,是类胡萝卜素而不是花色素苷取代了那部分被破坏的叶绿素,因此叶片表现出红色。方差分析表明,不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶片中叶绿素含量影响极显著,对花色素苷含量影响显著,而对类胡萝卜素含量影响不显著。掌握翠云草叶色在不同遮荫条件下的变化规律,有助于在园林中根据景观需要进行合理配置,创造别具特色的园林植物景观。     

外源激素和微量元素对茶籽萌发和生理生化变化影响的研究

茶树种子经赤霉素（ＧＡ）、乙烯利（ＣＥＰＡ）硼酸（Ｂ）、钼酸铵（Ｍｏ）、硫酸锰（Ｍｎ）和硫酸铜（Ｃｕ）溶液处理后，子叶吸水能力、持水力、呼吸速率和过氧化氢酶活性增强，可溶性糖和蔗糖含量提高，并加速子叶蛋白质的消耗和胚对蛋白质的利用，从而促进茶籽萌发生长，增加幼苗干重，提高发芽率，其中以ＧＡ１００ｐｐｍ、ＣＥＰＡ１００ｐｐｍ、Ｂ１５００ｐｐｍ，Ｍｏ１０００ｐｐｍ，Ｍｎ１０００ｐｐｍ，Ｃｕ１００ｐｐｍ     

葡萄组培苗瓶外生根技术研究

采用不同种类和浓度的生长素诱导葡萄组培苗瓶外生根，并观察组培苗在不同处理基质、不同的温度、不同的生理年龄条件下生根的效果。通过优化技术参数，建立了葡萄组培苗瓶接生根的技术优化体系，结果表明，用浓度为0.3mg/L的IBA浸蘸处理的插条，在温度为27~29℃的环境条件下在基质珍珠岩上培养，瓶苗茎段的生根率可达85.5 %，移栽后苗木的成活率达98 %，相对于其他方法有了较大的提高。该技术的建立有助于实现葡萄工厂化育苗技术的商业化扩大。